This paper studies the human dental pulp stem cells and the great role they play in clinical application. Embryonic cells stem from neural crests and reinforce the development of the head and neck of the human body. Ecto-mesenchymal components which contain cells that derive from neural crests make up the dental pulp. The dental pulp is the soft connective tissue which is entrapped within the dental crown and is a very rich site from stem cell collection. The pulp itself is separated from the dentin by a layer which is rich in collagen and poor in cells. It also has a more internal layer some of which are considered as stem cells. The final layer is the core of the pulp. The dental pulp stem cells are found in the cell rich zone of the dental germ pulp. Stem cells can be collected from the dental pulp both in an adult and in the young (from their wisdom teeth).
Previous studies on dental pulp stem cells and their capacities show different results. Some results display that these cells are capable of producing bones and they can also be kept stored for a long period of time and still retain the ability to produce bones in the future. The bone tissue which is made from the dental pulp stem cell can be transplanted and finally form the adult bone. Others claim that these cells are only capable of producing a dentin like tissue.
Studies show that dental pulp is very productive and useful in several pathologies which require bone tissue growth and repair. The many good results demonstrate that dental pulp can be considered as one of the major resources for mesenchymal cell collection.